Marketing

When Does Marketing & Sales Collaboration Affect the Perceived Lead Quality? – The Moderating Effects of IT Systems

Lukas Hilke, Ruhr University Bochum (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 9(3), 2024, 1681-1699

In the realm of corporate dynamics, lead management remains a relatively underexplored subject, despite its increasing significance and annual resource allocation. This study addresses the enigmatic „sales lead black hole“ by investigating the influence of enhanced collaboration between marketing and sales on the perceived quality of marketing-generated leads. A research model was crafted to delve into this relationship and assess the impact of contemporary IT systems on collaboration, subsequently bolstering the perceived lead quality. Findings reveal that active collaboration in planning lead management activities and exchanging information elevates the acceptance of marketing-generated leads, prompting increased follow-up engagement by sales personnel. IT systems play a pivotal role in fostering such collaboration, amplifying its effect on the perceived quality of leads. This research contributes vital insights for scholars by dissecting key drivers of perceived lead quality and proposing solutions for the sales lead black hole. For practitioners, the study offers actionable implications to enhance subjective perceptions of marketing-generated leads, curbing resource wastage through improved follow-up strategies.

Keywords: IT-systems; lead management; marketing & sales collaboration; perceived lead quality; sales engagement.

Motivations and Outcomes of the Anti-Consumption Practice ‚Stooping‘

Leonie Böhm, Freie Universität Berlin (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 9(3), 2024, 1665-1680

The climate crisis of the 21st century demands new and sustainable forms of alternative consumption. Within the scope of this bachelor thesis, the emerging anti-consumption practice of “Stooping”, a form of second-hand consumption where items are placed on the street by consumers and can be freely taken and used by others, is examined for the first time. The aim of this paper is to explore possible motivations and outcomes of Stooping. These aspects are extracted from the existing literature on second-hand and anti-consumption and subsequently investigated through qualitative interviews. The results indicate that economic motives, hedonistic values, the simplicity of consumption decisions, sustainability considerations, the upcycling of found products, and the good quality of used products can serve as motivations for Stooping. Outcomes include an increased connection between the seller and the buyer, an increased connection between the buyer and the product, as well as a positive social perception of the consumers. Investigating new consumption trends like Stooping contributes to a better understanding of sustainable consumption practices and can help position them as conscious and deliberate alternatives to traditional consumption.

Keywords: alternative consumption; anti-consumption; second-hand consumption; stooping.

Authenticity and Brand Activism – An Empirical Analysis

Jaqueline Domnick, Freie Universität Berlin (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 9(3), 2024, 1609-1633

The increasing relevance of brand activism, coupled with its controversial nature, poses challenges for brands. Whether brands should engage in activism and the significance of authentic engagement in this context are questions that need to be addressed. This study employs an experiment to demonstrate that authentic brand activism enhances attitudes towards a brand, with the perceived brand authenticity identified as a key driver. To achieve this, a definition of authentic brand activism is considered, emphasizing the interplay of purpose, values, corporate practices, and activist messaging rather than isolating actions. Furthermore, it is found that the influence of authentic brand activism on perceived brand authenticity is not affected by the moderators of involvement and skepticism. Additionally, preliminary insights into various forms of non-authentic brand activism are gained. This research contributes to the study of the effectiveness of activist engagement and fills an empirical gap regarding the authenticity of brand activism.

Keywords: attitude towards brands; brand activism; brand authenticity.

Decarbonizing Travel Decisions by Using Digital Nudges

Patrick Riedlsperger, Technical University of Munich (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 9(1), 2024, 1178-1210

The current climate crisis was caused by our everyday, individual decision-making. People have the opportunity to decide between options that contain more or less greenhouse gases. This is particularly relevant for the travel industry which has historically been a major contributor to global emissions. The nudging concept introduced by Sunstein and Thaler (2021) can help people enhance their decision-making to promote environmental stewardship. Every consumption decision in travel is an opportunity as it can be ‘decarbonized’ to a greener outcome. This thesis provides evidence that the intervention technique is effective to lead to more sustainable decision-making in a digital travel booking process. This research project used a simulated booking process to compare the effectiveness of different digital nudges. Users could choose different options in their booking in the realm of transport, accommodation and restaurants. Overall, 456 online participants completed the process. The digital experiment used one regular booking process, which was used as a reference group, and 9 different types of digital nudges. The effectiveness of the nudges was analyzed by using a binary logistic regression model. Of the 9 experiments which included digital nudging interventions, 6 produced statistically significant results. The most effective nudge in the experiment used a social norm intervention. After its application to the process, odds were more than 4 times higher that users chose the most sustainable option that contained the least amount of greenhouse gases. In general, all regression coefficients (B) were positive, with odds ratios Exp(B) between 2.471 and 4.419. The results of this thesis support the view that nudges are an effective tool to drive more sustainable behavior. The results showed that digital nudges led to the booking of the most sustainable travel offers. User interface designers and other choice architects can use the findings of this thesis to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in travel as one of the many steps we must undertake to fight global warming and its drastic impacts on our economy and society.

Keywords: choice intervention; digital nudging; nudge theory; sustainability; travel.

Visuelle Wirkung von Produktneuheiten: Die Rolle der Marke bei der Designanpassung

Arun Anandakrishnarajah, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (Masterarbeit)
Junior Management Science 8(2), 2023, 453-472

Das Produktdesign spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Kaufentscheidung von Gütern wie Autos oder Smartphones. Um bei der Vorstellung eines Nachfolgers einer Pro-duktserie Neuheit zu symbolisieren, wird in der Praxis oft die Proportion von Desig-nelementen verändert. Trotz der Popularität von Proportionsveränderungen wurde die Wirkungsweise dieser Designanpassungsmethode auf das ästhetische Gefallen der Konsumenten bislang noch nicht untersucht. Auf Basis der Kategorisierungstheo-rie und der Processing Fluency Theorie wird in dieser Arbeit ein konzeptuelles Framework entwickelt, welches die Wirkung der Proportionsveränderung auf die visuelle Verarbeitung theoretisch erklärt. Dabei wird erläutert, wie die Veränderung der Proportion als Determinante der Processing Fluency agieren könnte, um das ästhetische Gefallen zu beeinflussen. Zur Überprüfung des konzeptuellen Frame-works wird in einem zweifaktoriellen Onlineexperiment anhand von Smartphones einer starken sowie schwachen Marke die postulierte Wirkungsweise der Proporti-onsveränderung getestet. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass die Proportionsveränderung eines Produktdesigns einer starken Marke die Processing Fluency reduziert. Die Proportionsveränderung wirkt sich jedoch nicht auf das ästhetische Gefallen aus.

Keywords: Verarbeitungsflüssigkeit; Produktdesign; Markenbildung; Ästhetik; Kategorisierungstheorie.

Memory asymmetries in experiential and material purchases: The role of self-expression

Anna Bogner, Technische Universität München (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 8(1), 2023, 163-187

To date many studies have investigated the different potentials of material and experiential purchases on making consumers happy. There is a strong recommendation to prefer experiential purchases when seeking happiness, the so called “experiential advantage”. But do experiences always make people happier as compared to material purchases? This study proposes a memory asymmetry in experiential and material purchases as a main antecedent of reported consumer happiness in favor of experiential purchases. Employing a mixed online experiment, especially the role of self-expression in that context was investigated. Germanspeaking respondents indicated that when equally self-expressive, both material and experiential purchases can contribute to their happiness in the same degree. Nevertheless, an interesting finding was that there is a significant preference to use experiential purchases for conveying a person’s true self to someone else. The heavier use of self-expressive purchases in socialization can explain why it is easier to recall self-expressive experiential than self-expressive material purchases. This memory asymmetry results in self-expressive experiential purchases being more frequently recalled than self-expressive material purchases when asked to intuitively recall a purchase that has contributed to one’s happiness. Thus, that might be a reason why scholars have observed the “experiential advantage”. The results are discussed as well as their meaning for different areas. Finally, recommendations for future research are offered.

Keywords: Material possessions; experiential advantage; memory asymmetry; happiness; self-expression.

The role of self-enhancement when using status incentives
in sales

Niclas Vogt, Ruhr University Bochum (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 7(4), 2022, 1133-1146

The aim of this study is to apply the social psychological theory of self-enhancement to the widespread use of status incentives in the corporate world. More specifically, the potential effect of self-enhancement triggered by the awarding of status incentives is examined based on a fictitious sales team. Special focus is placed on the resulting motivational effect. The research showed that status changes through status incentives (status manipulation) have a very strong effect on employees‘ motivational performance, because self-enhancement is influenced. The primary finding was that these status changes of individuals within a team may have ambivalent effects on overall motivational performance, partly because in team dynamics an increase in status of individual members is accompanied by the relative decrease in status of the other members. Among other effects, this changes the structure of social comparisons (self-enhancement theory) within the sales team, which possess strong motivational effects.

Keywords: self-enhancement; status incentives; sales; motivation.

Moderation in Marketing Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

Jonas Spengler, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg (Master thesis)

Junior Management Science 7(4), 2022, 899-931

This thesis investigates how current marketing research deals with simple moderation analysis in marketing applications of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). In this context, different approaches to generate the interaction term as well as options of data treatment before analysis, among others, pose challenges to researchers. The goal of this thesis is therefore to highlight the most common sources of error through a review of 33 relevant empirical articles from the PLS-SEM context and to derive recommendations for research. Using a framework that shows how to preferably generate the interaction term, it is found that about 70% of the analyzed studies use a suboptimal approach. Furthermore, the product-indicator approach is the most frequently used but only in exceptional cases the optimal approach. Additionally, both the approach used as well as the effect sizes of moderation effects are generally rarely specified and finally uncertainties in the interpretation of effects in moderation analyses can be observed. This confirms the urgency of the need for educating researchers in terms of moderation analysis in the context of PLS-SEM to minimize common mistakes in the future that distort results of moderation analyses or make their meaning incorrect.

Keywords: Moderation analysis; interaction effect; moderator; PLS-SEM; Partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Pricing Sustainable Shipping of Coffee: Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Emission Reductions and Offsets

Ulrich Bek, Technical University of Munich (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 7(3), 2022, 543-568

The goal of this study is to explore whether decarbonization of maritime shipping and the full supply chain are valued in customer perception. Understanding consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable maritime shipping of goods can provide opportunities to spread the costs of required sectorial changes. Decarbonization labels were compared to the Fairtrade and European organic label. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) with 299 participants was performed and supporting data was considered for an exhaustive description of preferences and WTP in the exemplary use case of filter coffee. The results indicate a significant WTP premium for all labels. On average, direct reductions of all supply chain emissions were valued at 2.82€ (all values per 500g of coffee) and are thus comparable in importance to the Fairtrade label estimated at 2.77€. Maritime shipping offsets, reductions and offsets for the full supply chain were valued at average premiums of 1.79€, 1.95€ and 1.89€. Organic labelling led to an average premium of 1.61€. A random parameter logit model with correlated parameters found significant preference heterogeneity across participants for all labels. Participants preferring whole bean to ground coffee did not significantly differ in their underlying preferences for the sustainability dimensions but in their price perception and effectively displayed higher WTP for all attributes. This study contributes to current research by providing a thorough measurement of preferences and WTP for emission reductions along the supply chain and is the first to assess offsets compared to direct reductions in a controlled setting for a common product use case.

Keywords: Sustainable maritime shipping; direct decarbonization; carbon offsets; discrete choice experiment; pricing.

Inter-Organizational Relations of Social Enterprises – A Systematic Literature Review

Sophie Gröbner, Free University of Berlin (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 7(2), 2022, 504-523

A social enterprise is a company founded by a social entrepreneur following a social purpose. Inter-organizational relations of social enterprises are an important topic in research on social entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview regarding these relations in the context of a literature review. The findings are seperated into the following three cooperation phases: initiation, process and outcomes of social enterprises‘ inter-organizational relations. Furthermore, insights about the functions of network management are collected. The findings show that the most articles focus on the cooperation process and strategic networks are examined most often. In addition, it could be observed that cooperative alliances with other organizations play an important part in social entrepreneurial practice. Inter-organizational relations of social enterpises represent a promising topic for future research. Research about aspects concerning the initiation phase and the outcomes of these relations is especially required. The functions of network management need to be further examined in this research context as well.

Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Social Enterprise; Interorganisationale Beziehungen; Netzwerke; Netzwerkmanagement.

Conceptualising the Value-in-Use of Services for Researchers

Theresa Kroschewski, Technical University of Braunschweig (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 7(2), 2022, 455-503

The research area of value-centred and customer-centred service design transforms customers‘ needs in marketable offers. This field is dominated by a focus on services that are individually oriented towards people and their values and gives providers a competition advantage. Even outside the market, in the practical field of research, there has been an increasing demand for individual and collaborative support for several years. However, it has been barely investigated so far, how offers for research-related services can benefit from market approaches. This paper is dedicated to addressing this issue and draws on the „value-in-use“ as a basis for design described in service-dominant logic. Therefore, a theoretical model is used that transfers goal dimensions and so-called activated work resources as conceptualisation levels to the professional context of researchers. In an empirical study these levels are specified with the subjective perception of value from 14 service experiences. The resulting findings build a deep understanding of the various levels of possible value and how this value can be created for researchers when using services.

Keywords: Value-in-Use; forschungsnahe Dienstleistungen; Service-dominierte Logik.

Personality as a Determinant of Customer Experience Quality and Value-in-Use in a Public Crisis Situation – The Case of E-Learning

Katharina Lohmann, Free University of Berlin (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 7(2), 2022, 390-411

This thesis was designed to investigate whether differences exist between students’ personalities regarding their perceived Customer Experience Quality and their perceived Value-in-Use, for the case of e-learning. In particular, the personality dimension Introversion-Extraversion was investigated. Furthermore, it was examined whether students’ Fear of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 moderates the relationship between Introversion-Extraversion and the perceived Customer Experience Quality as well as the relationship between Introversion-Extraversion and the perceived Value-in-Use. Using survey data on asynchronous e-learning as well as survey data on synchronous e-learning, multiple two-way ANOVAs were conducted. It was found that no significant differences for either asynchronous e-learning or synchronous e-learning regarding the Customer Experience Quality and the Value-in-Use exist between introverted and extraverted students. Furthermore, no significant interaction effect on the perceived Customer Experience Quality and Value-in-Use was found for introverted and extraverted students with either low or high Fear of the Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Keywords: COVID-19; e-learning; introversion-extraversion; customer experience quality; value-in-use; two-way ANOVA.

To Be Is to Do: Exploring How Founder Social and Role Identities Shape Strategic Decisions in New Venture Creation Process

Magdalena Melonek, Technical University of Munich (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 5(4), 2020, 452-476

Founder identity is essential in entrepreneurial decision making. A number of studies have sought to examine the relationship between founder identity and venture by taking a unilateral perspective of either social identity theory or identity theory. On the basis of an exploratory single-case study conducted with a German venture from the sustainable fashion industry, this bachelor thesis integrates both theories and explores how the synergy of a founder´s social and role identities influences core strategic decisions in new venturecreation process. The results obtained in this analysis suggest that 1) founders´social and role identities have a different yet complementary impact on the new venture-creation process, and 2) strategic decisions shaping a venture are a result of different interplays between multiple social and role identities, where either one of the identity types dominates a decision or both identities simultaneously reinforce it. My contributions broaden the understanding on the interrelation between the founder and his or her venture by expanding the focus of founder identity theory to social as well as role identities.

Keywords: Sustainable entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial decision making; founder identity; social identity theory; identity theory.

The Effect of Perceived CEO Overconfidence on Consumers’ Product and Brand Evaluations

Lara Hilgert, WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 5(3), 2020, 371-391

This research examines the impact of CEO overconfidence as a mediator of consumer attitudes towards products and brands as well as its influence on perceived brand personality. The results of the study show that revealed verbally communicated overconfidence leads to lower ratings of the product, a lower general attitude towards the brand, lower trust in the brand and lower ratings of descriptiveness regarding the brand personality trait competence. The negative impact of CEO overconfidence is most influential on the participants’ trust in the brand. The study additionally observed participants’ evaluations of perceived CEO overconfidence and their brand attitudes regarding well-known brands. The results show that participants’ general attitude towards a brand and trust in a brand were lower when they perceived the CEO as more overconfident. The insights gained through this study have important implications for the literature on the impact of overconfidence on an individual’s status and the literature on CEO endorsement. Additionally, this research can act as a guidance for CEOs and executives on how his or her trait of overconfidence affects consumers’ and how the company’s performance may be affected by this relationship.

Keywords: Overconfidence; leadership; consumer; perception; brand.

Das Phänomen Influencing – Beeinflussung von Fitness Influencern auf die Sportaktivität

Laura Schlittchen, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 5(3), 2020, 349-370

Die sozialen Medien bestimmen immer mehr den Alltag der Menschen. Vor allem junge Erwachsene im Alter von 18 bis 38 Jahre, die Generation Y in Deutschland, beschäftigen sich täglich mehrere Stunden mit dem Thema Social Media. Im Zuge der Beliebtheit von sozialen Plattformen bildeten sich sogenannte Meinungsmacher, Influencer oder Beeinflusser heraus. Vor allem Meinungsmacher aus der Fitnessbranche sind populär in den Sozialen Medien. Diese Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Forschungsfrage „Welche Bedeutung spielen Fitness Influencer auf Instagram bei der Generation Y und deren Sportaktivität?“. Anhand einer quantitativen Online Umfrage konnten Personen der Generation Y mit einem Instagram Account ihre Meinung anonym äußern. Für die Forschungsfrage werden vier unterstützende Hypothesen aufgestellt. An der Studie haben 240 Personen (w=149; m=91) teilgenommen. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass Fitness Influencer die sportliche Aktivität beeinflussen können. Daraus ergeben sich weitere Möglichkeiten den Einfluss von Influencern zu untersuchen.

Keywords: Fitness Influencer; Sport; Soziale Medien; Instagram und Training.

Aspekte der Glaubwürdigkeitsbeurteilung – Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Attraktivität, Expertise und Prominenz

Kimberly Klebolte, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 4(4), 2019, 524-552

Diese Studie thematisiert den Einfluss von Expertise, Prominenz, Attraktivität und Geschlecht auf die Wahrnehmung von Glaubwürdigkeit. Dabei wurden Probanden mittels Online-Fragebögen mehrere Kombinationen aus verschiedenen Bildern, Aussagen sowie Hintergrundinformationen zu den abgebildeten Personen vorgelegt. Anschließend beurteilten die Probanden, für wie glaubwürdig sie diese hielten. Untersucht wurde dabei, inwiefern die genannten Faktoren Auswirkungen auf die Glaubwürdigkeitsattribution hatten. Dies geschah durch statistische Vergleiche der Mittelwerte und Varianzen in den verschiedenen Probandengruppen mittels SPSS. Die Studie ergab, dass Expertise einen signifikant positiven Einfluss auf die Glaubwürdigkeit hat. Experten wurden demnach durchgängig für glaubwürdiger gehalten als Nicht-Experten. Die Faktoren Prominenz und Attraktivität hatten jeweils einen signifikant negativen Effekt, d.h. je prominenter und je attraktiver eine Person dargestellt wurde, umso weniger wurde ihr geglaubt. Das Geschlecht hatte keine signifikanten Einfluss. Die Studie zeigt damit, dass die Glaubwürdigkeit einer Person am effektivsten über das Darlegen der fachlichen Eignung gesteigert werden kann und nicht über die physische Attraktivität oder Prominenz, die vor allem in ihrer Kombination in der öffentlichkeit oftmals als Ideal dargestellt werden.

Keywords: Wirtschaftspsychologie; Glaubwürdigkeit; Wahrnehmungsfehler; Werbepsychologie.

Das Management von Produktrückrufen: Einflussfaktoren auf die Rückholung von Verbraucherprodukten

Annalena Düker, Free University of Berlin (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 4(3), 2019, 460-477

Immer mehr Produkte werden wegen sicherheitsrelevanter Mängel zurückgerufen. Doch trotz größter unternehmerischer Bemühungen, die eigenen Produkte mit einem möglichst großen Sicherheits- und Qualitätsanspruch in den Verkehr zu bringen, sind Fehler nie vollständig auszuschließen. Produktrückrufe gehören zur geschäftlichen Realität. Tritt der Ernstfall eines Produktrückrufes ein, geht es in erster Linie um die Sicherheit der Konsumenten, aber auch um immensen Reputationsschaden und hohen Aufwendungen für das betroffene Unternehmen. Ziel der vorliegenden wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist es, den Prozess eines erfolgreichen Produktrückrufes zu untersuchen und Maßnahmen abzuleiten, die ein Unternehmen präventiv und während eines Rückrufes ergreifen muss um alle betroffenen Produkte erfolgreich aus dem Markt zu entfernen. Basierend auf Erkenntnissen der aktuellen Produktrückrufforschung und der einschlägigen Gesetzgebung werden organisatorische, rechtliche sowie verhaltenswissenschaftliche Einflussfaktoren identifiziert, die berücksichtigt werden müssen, um eine vollständige Rückholung aller Produkte aus dem Markt zu gewährleisten.

Keywords: Produktrückruf; Rückrufmanagement; Krisenmanagement; Konsumentenverhalten; Produktkrise.

The Impact of the Organic Label Halo Effect on Consumers’ Quality Perceptions, Value-in-Use and Well-Being

Philipp Küst, Free University of Berlin (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 4(2), 2019, 241-264

Food well-being is an innovative field of research analysing the complex consequences of food intake on body and mind. In
face of mounting civilization diseases and environmental challenges promoting healthy and sustainable diets is crucial. For
consumers it is difficult however, to assess the healthiness and environmental friendliness of a product. Food labels, like the
organic one, are therefore used as extrinsic cues to help customers distinguish between alternatives.
This paper analyses how the organic label biases consumers’ quality perception, a phenomenon that has been referred to as
the organic label halo effect. It further intends to uncover the links between several quality dimensions and their consequences
as reflected in value-in-use. Finally it aims to detect if those consequences ultimately lead to enhanced post-prandial wellbeing.
A quantitative study in an experimental canteen setting was conducted to answers those questions. Structural equation
modelling (SEM) was applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicate a positive impact of the organic label halo effect on
consumers’ quality perceptions in terms of health & safety, environmental friendliness & animal welfare as well as prestige.
Those in turn were shown to positively influence on several value-in-use dimensions, including social, altruistic, functional
and hedonic value. Finally, the latter two were significantly related to well-being.
Hence, this research shows that providing organic food in a canteen ultimately enhances consumer well-being through
inferential beliefs on quality and value evoked by the label. The findings help to better understand the links between food
consumption and subjective well-being and are therefore of interest for policy makers and researchers around the world.

Keywords: food well-being; organic label halo effect; value-in-use; perceived quality; extrinsic cues.

International Strategic Emphasis, Marketing Capabilities und Shareholder Value: Die finanziellen Implikationen des Trade-offs zwischen internationaler Wertgenerierung und internationaler Wertschöpfung

Nico Severitt, University of Göttingen (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 3(4), 2018, 81-113

Das Management multinationaler Unternehmen ist heutzutage mit dynamischen Umweltbedingungen konfrontiert. Der unternehmerische Erfolg auf den internationalen Märkten hängt maßgeblich von einer effizienten und effektiven Ressourcenallokation ab. Im Zuge dessen müssen Trade-off-Entscheidungen zwischen den Strategieoptionen der internationalen Wertgenerierung und der internationalen Wertschöpfung getroffen werden. Die Beziehung zwischen der Internationalisierung und der finanziellen Performance eines Unternehmens wird in der Literatur seit 50 Jahren diskutiert. Aus unterschiedlichen methodischen Herangehensweisen resultieren uneindeutige Ergebnisse. Für die Operationalisierung internationaler Aktivitäten werden insbesondere wertgenerierende und wertschöpfende Größen herangezogen. Eine Relation zwischen beiden Maßen, und damit die Berücksichtigung internationaler Trade-off-Entscheidungen, wird jedoch bislang vernachlässigt. Diese Forschungslücke wird in der vorliegenden Studie geschlossen, indem der Einfluss des internationalen Strategie-Trade-offs auf den Shareholder Value untersucht wird. Die Studie prognostiziert hier einen negativen Wirkungszusammenhang. Die Vermutung lautet, dass ein positiver Effekt erst durch ausgeprägte Innovations- und Vermarktungsfähigkeiten ausgelöst werden kann. Der Resource-Based-View, die Theorie der Liabilities of Foreignness und das Konzept der Dynamic Capabilities bilden ein komplementäres Framework zur Erklärung dieser Wirkungsbeziehungen. Die empirische Untersuchung basiert auf einer Paneldatenanalyse für ein Sample von 1.399 Unternehmen im Untersuchungszeitraum von 1982 bis 2016. Für die Modellierung der Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen den Variablen werden Mehrgleichungsmodelle verwendet. Die zentralen Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass der Einfluss des internationalen Strategie-Trade-offs auf den Shareholder Value insignifikant ist. Investoren ziehen internationale Trade-off-Entscheidungen erst dann in Betracht, wenn das Unternehmen über Marketing Capabilities verfügt. Einer der Forschungsbeiträge dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung einer neuen relevanten Internationalisierungsvariable. Darüber hinaus werden Erkenntnisse aus der Internationalisierungsliteratur mit Erkenntnissen aus der Marketingliteratur verknüpft. Dabei ist die Relevanz bestimmter Marketingaktivitäten für multinationale Unternehmen hervorzuheben. Ferner können Managementimplikationen bezüglich der Kommunikation dieser Marketingaktivitäten im Internationalisierungskontext gegeben werden.

Keywords: Internationalisierung, Marketing, Shareholder Value,
Strategischer Trade-Off, Regressionsanalyse

Konzeptualisierung und Operationalisierung von Patientenzufriedenheit mit Hausärztinnen und Hausärzten

Bernhard Guetz, University of Klagenfurt (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 3(3), 2018, 106-145

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene einflussnehmende Faktoren der Patientenzufriedenheit definiert und unterschiedliche Methoden der Patientenzufriedenheitserhebung dargelegt, wobei der Themenbereich durch umfassende Literaturund Quellenanalyse übersichtlich aufbereitet wird. Die Darstellung von Patientenzufriedenheit als eigenständiges Zufriedenheitskonstrukt, neben individueller Zufriedenheit und Kundenzufriedenheit, begründet sich dadurch, dass das Verhältnis zwischen Ärztinnen / Ärzten und Patientinnen / Patienten nicht mit einem reinen Konsumerlebnis und nur am Rande mit einem Dienstleistungsprozedere vergleichbar ist. Im Bereich der Faktorbestimmung der Patientenzufriedenheit sind häufig Modelle mit drei Überkategorien zu finden, wobei in der Regel nur eine dieser Kategorien durch die Hausärztin / den Hausarzt beeinflussbare Faktoren oder Faktorenbündel enthält. Die Definition der beeinflussbaren Patientenzufriedenheitskategorien kann je nach gewähltem Forschungsschwerpunkt sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen. Häufig genannte und untersuchte Zufriedenheitsdimensionen in dieser Hinsicht sind die empfundenen Methoden- und Fachkenntnisse der behandelnden Ärztin / des behandelnden Arztes, die Freundlichkeit des Praxispersonals, die verbale Kommunikation und andere zwischenmenschliche Aspekte. Im Bereich der Patientenzufriedenheitsmessung kann grundsätzlich zwischen Methoden der Befragung, Methoden der Beobachtung, experimentellen Forschungsdesigns und dem Einsatz von Onlineressourcen zur Erhebung der Patientenzufriedenheit unterschieden werden. Obwohl nicht jede Erhebungsmethode in jedem Kontext eingesetzt werden kann bzw. sollte, wird durch den Einsatz bestimmter Methoden die Untersuchung expliziter Forschungsschwerpunkte begünstigt. Die gesammelten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Erhebungsmethoden im Bereich der Patientenzufriedenheitsmessung mit Hausärztinnen und -ärzten vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden kann, wobei die einflussnehmenden Faktoren, wenn auch unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt, häufig fachliche und zwischenmenschliche Merkmale beinhalten.

Keywords: Patientenzufriedenheit, Kundenzufriedenheit, Zufriedenheitsmessung,
Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung

Die Einstellung kulturinteressierter Personen gegenüber Sponsoren kultureller Events – Eine qualitative Studie

Maximilian Krebs, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 2(2), 2017, 84-96

In dieser Arbeit wird das Sponsoring von kulturellen High-Brow Veranstaltungen behandelt, sowie nach potenziellen Quellen negativer Gefühle der Besucher von kulturellen Veranstaltungen gegenüber Sponsoren dieser Events gesucht. Hier stehen insbesondere Personen mit hohem Interesse an kulturellen Aktivitäten im Fokus. Zur theoretischen Fundamentierung wird Sponsoring zunächst im Allgemeinen definiert und hinsichtlich seiner Ziele und Voraussetzungen erklärt. Verschiedene Theorien, wie der „Mere exposure“ Effekt, oder die Kongruenz Theorie, geben einen Einblick in die Wirkungsweise eines Sponsoringengagements. Zugeschnitten auf das Kultursponsoring wird dessen positiver Einfluss auf ein Unternehmen anhand der Corporate Reputation dargelegt. Dafür soll zunächst die Corporate Reputation bezüglich ihrer Dimensionen erläutert werden. Daraufhin werden mögliche Unterschiede zwischen Kultur und Sportsponsoring aufgezeigt. Ausgehend von einer qualitativen Forschung können mögliche Quellen negativer Neigungen gegenüber Sponsoren eines kulturellen Events abgeleitet werden. Mithilfe problemzentrierter Interviews konnten acht Personen befragt werden. Neben der Aufmerksamkeit der Befragten gegenüber einem Sponsor, stehen außerdem der Fit zwischen Sponsor und Event, sowie die Befürchtung einer Einflussnahme und das Auftreten des Sponsors im Vordergrund. Die Ergebnisse wurden zur Veranschaulichung in einem Template zusammengefasst. Limitationen ergeben sich vor allem durch den qualitativen Charakter der Arbeit. Letztendlich lässt sich feststellen, dass trotz der negativen Stimmen über Kultursponsoring, das gesamte Stimmungsbild tendenziell als positiv einzuschätzen ist.

Keywords: Sponsoring, Kultursektor, Firmenimage, Werbewirkung

Die Verwendung von Emojis in der Konsumentenkommunikation – Eine stimmungsanalytische Betrachtung von Kurznachrichten im Social Web

Randi Baum und Tatjana Egelhof, University of Duisburg-Essen (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 2(2), 2017, 1-42

Social media platforms as enabler for real time and many-to-many communication play an important role in the analysis of consumers’ opinions, attitudes, moods, and behaviors towards brands. Emojis as a non-verbal, explanatory and emotional component are increasingly used for a more expressive online communication. While current emotion mining tools only focus on text analysis, we are the first who conduct an automated sentiment analysis of brand-related tweets containing emojis in addition to text. We therefore analyzed 999,197 Starbucks-related and 566,597 McDonald’s-related tweets. We used tweets directed at two different global brands in the fast food sector to increase generalizability. On a sentiment polarity scale, the analyzed tweets show a rather positive sentiment value towards Starbucks and a slightly negative sentiment value towards McDonald’s. We also find that sentiment is classified identically across brands for 94\% of emojis. We conclude that the sentiment value can be considered as an indicator for the perceived image of a brand. Our approach provides an innovative tool for companies to directly analyze emotional content on social media platforms and improves the understanding for the needs of consumers.

The research gap and the scientific approach were predetermined by the Chair of Marketing at Mercator School of Management, University of Duisburg-Essen.

Keywords: Sentiment analysis, Emoji, Twitter, brand, Stimmungsanalyse

Auswirkungen von Geschlechtsunterschieden auf die Loyalität in Dienstleister-Kunden-Beziehungen

Rebecca Luise Weyers, University of Mannheim (Bachelor thesis)
Junior Management Science 1(2), 2016, 20-31

Der Anspruch dieser Arbeit ist, Kundenloyalität im Servicesektor und deren diverse Konzeptualisierungen unter dem Einfluss der Variable des Geschlechts zu beleuchten. Dazu wird eine Literaturübersicht erstellt, die aktuelle Stände der Loyalitäts-, Service und Genderforschung zusammenbringt, sowie die Bewandtnis ihrer Schnittstellen analysiert und bewertet. Die dargestellten Sachverhalte geben Ausschluss über die Herausforderungen in der Zusammenführung der drei Forschungsfelder, wobei der Fokus auf spezifischen Determinanten wie Zufriedenheit, Vertrauen und Commitment liegt. Darüber hinaus wird der Einfluss des Geschlechts sowohl auf der Konsumenten- als auch Dienstleisterseite betrachtet, und damit abschließend auf entscheidende Implikationen für Theorie und Praxis geschlossen.

Keywords: Loyalität, Gender, Service, Dienstleister, Geschlecht

A Common Ground in Guerilla Marketing – State of Research and Further Research Opportunities

Lennart Wendland, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg (Master thesis)
Junior Management Science 1(1), 2016, 34-59

Guerilla Marketing is a cloudy concept. While practitioners and scientists increasingly use it in their practice, its definition remains not straightforward. This thesis builds a common ground in Guerilla Marketing through clearing up the field. Guerilla Marketing is defined and an overall model is presented that integrates previous efforts. This model has some advantages. Most strikingly, it introduces two highly relevant mediators which include recipient’s behavior into the model.

Keywords: Guerilla Marketing, Marketing science, Conceptual framework, Philosophy of science