{"id":34083,"date":"2020-03-03T13:07:53","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/business-taxation\/"},"modified":"2025-12-03T17:13:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T17:13:51","slug":"business-taxation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/business-taxation\/","title":{"rendered":"Business taxation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#000000;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5472dd4b0df909ff5 fusion-toggle-no-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5472dd4b0df909ff5\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5472dd4b0df909ff5\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-1\" data-target=\"#5472dd4b0df909ff5\" href=\"#5472dd4b0df909ff5\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">All published articles sorted by issues<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5472dd4b0df909ff5\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5472dd4b0df909ff5\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<!--li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i4-3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2026<\/a><\/li-->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i5\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 5, December 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 4, September 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 3, July 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i1-2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v2i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 2, Issue 3, December 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v2i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 2, Issue 2, September 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v2i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v1i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v1i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2016<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:#000000;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.38;\"><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#000000;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#ffffff;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-2\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-eccd4e1a57877dcbf fusion-toggle-no-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_eccd4e1a57877dcbf\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"eccd4e1a57877dcbf\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-2\" data-target=\"#eccd4e1a57877dcbf\" href=\"#eccd4e1a57877dcbf\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">All published articles sorted by areas of business<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"eccd4e1a57877dcbf\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_eccd4e1a57877dcbf\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/banken \">Banken und Finanzierung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/steuerlehre \">Betriebswirtschaftliche Steuerlehre<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/controlling \">Controlling <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/nachhaltigkeit \">Ethik und Nachhaltigkeit in der BWL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/rechnungswesen\">Externes Rechnungswesen und Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/familienunternehmen\/\">Familienunternehmen und Unternehmerfamilien<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/marketing \">Marketing <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/personalwesen \">Personalwesen und Leadership<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/logistik \">Produktionswirtschaft und Logistik<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/strategie\">Strategie und Organisation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/technologie\">Technologie, Innovation und Entrepreneurship<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wirtschaftsinformatik\">Wirtschaftsinformatik<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:#000000;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.38;\"><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_3_4 3_4 fusion-three-fourth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:75%;width:calc(75% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.75 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#ffffff;border-color:#ffffff;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;\"><h2>Business taxation<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_4 1_4 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.25 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-fa-align-center\"><i class=\"fb-icon-element-1 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon icon-fachbereicheBWL-Steuerlehre_schwarz circle-no\" style=\"--awb-iconcolor:#000000;--awb-iconcolor-hover:#000000;--awb-circlecolor:#ffffff;--awb-font-size:100px;\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 15px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:#000000;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.38;\"><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:100px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><a name=\"A7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Who Bears the Costs of the UK Soft Drink Tax? An Empirical Study of Medium-Term Effects<\/h5>\n<\/p>\n<p>Laura Wiredu, Paderborn University (Master thesis)<br \/>Junior Management Science 10(4), 2025, 985-1008<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-3\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-238394a0b78dbe670 fusion-toggle-no-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_238394a0b78dbe670\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"238394a0b78dbe670\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-3\" data-target=\"#238394a0b78dbe670\" href=\"#238394a0b78dbe670\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read Abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"238394a0b78dbe670\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_238394a0b78dbe670\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">Using five years post-tax data on CPI prices, national employment as well as firm-level employment, we provide novel evidence on the medium-term effects of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL). Applying a difference-in-differences research design, we find that neither consumers nor employees visibly bore the costs of the tax. However, given the falling trend in beverage prices in the UK, consumers faced a 6% less decline in soft drink prices compared to prices of levy-exempt beverages, since the introduction of the tax. Employees in the soft drink manufacturing industry were unaffected by the tax, whilst employees in the beverage manufacturing industry even benefitted from it through significant employment increases. Our study offers policy advice for other countries which are yet to implement soft drink taxes. We advocate the implementation of tiered tax designs, such as in the UK, due to its positive impact on employment and minimal burden for consumers.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p><em>Keywords: public health policy; soft drink taxation; UK sugar tax.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p><em>DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v10i4pp985-1008\">https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v10i4pp985-1008<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MA_Wiredu.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read Article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MA_Wiredu_Appendix.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read Appendix<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v10i4pp985-1008\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Cite article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p><a name=\"A10\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Critical analysis of the VAT treatment of vouchers since the annual Tax Act 2018<\/h5>\n<p>Carina Menhofer, Hochschule f\u00fcr angewandte Wissenschaften Augsburg (Master thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 8(1), 2023, 188-218<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-4\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-266cfb942140de4d1 fusion-toggle-no-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_266cfb942140de4d1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"266cfb942140de4d1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-4\" data-target=\"#266cfb942140de4d1\" href=\"#266cfb942140de4d1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"266cfb942140de4d1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_266cfb942140de4d1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\nVouchers are used in many different ways in numerous sectors and, in addition to the classic target group of end consumers, can now be observed throughout the entire service chain. The issuance of vouchers enables companies to generate liquid funds without providing any service immediately, so they have become very important for the economy. In the past, the VAT treatment of vouchers was characterized by legal uncertainties due to a lack of harmonization. The so-called Voucher Directive was intended to standardize the VAT treatment of vouchers within the EU member states. The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of the Voucher Directive into national law with the Annual Tax Act 2018 as well as the corresponding letter of the German Ministry of Finance with regard to its application in practice. In doing so, the scientific literature, case law, legislation and administrative regulations on the VAT treatment of vouchers are consulted. The work gives an overview of the tax treatment and points out problem areas as well as structuring possibilities. In this context, the temporary VAT reduction in connection with the Corona crisis and its effects are also addressed. The results show that an European regulation on the VAT treatment of vouchers is in principle to be viewed positively. However, numerous legal uncertainties remain with regard to the classification of vouchers and its assessment in general.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p><em>Keywords: VAT; single purpose voucher; multi purpose voucher; voucher directive.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p><em>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v8i1pp188-218<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-4 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MA_Menhofer.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-5 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/A_Menhofer.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read appendix<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-6 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v8i1pp188-218\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Cite article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/c-menhofer\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><p><a name=\"A7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Carbon Pricing: A Comparison between Germany and the United Kingdom<\/h5>\n<p>Karina Temoche Gonz\u00e1lez, Technical University of Munich (Master thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 7(3), 2022, 731-755<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-5\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c12f7913c43156bc2 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c12f7913c43156bc2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c12f7913c43156bc2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-5\" data-target=\"#c12f7913c43156bc2\" href=\"#c12f7913c43156bc2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"c12f7913c43156bc2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c12f7913c43156bc2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Climate change is a global problem that almost every country \u2013 191 parties had signed the Paris Agreement \u2013 has committed to undertake. The European Union (EU) has been one of the pioneers in implementing policies that tackle greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In 2005, the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) was launched as the first carbon market. Despite the EU ETS evolving throughout the years, the United Kingdom (UK) implemented an additional policy. In 2013, the UK introduced a Carbon Price Floor (CPF). This paper examines the impact of carbon pricing on GHG emissions during phase III of the EU ETS (2017-2020) in Germany and the UK. Electricity generated by nuclear and renewable sources are considered in the analysis. There are two research questions. First, is the impact of carbon pricing in these two countries, measured by using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model for panel data. The results show that the UK has been more successful in reducing GHG emissions because of the CPF implementation. Second, whether the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) \u2013 a policy within the EU ETS \u2013 acted as a Carbon Price Floor (CPF) for Germany. Using a model of Differences in Differences (DD), this paper showed that the MSR significantly reduced the CO2 emissions of Germany.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><p><em>Keywords: Carbon price; EU ETS; CO2 emissions; carbon price floor; market stability reserve; differences in differences.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-7 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/MA_Temoche.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/k-temoche\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><p><a name=\"A10\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Usufruct as a Tax Structuring Tool<\/h5>\n<p>Ronja Reinwald, Technical University of Applied Sciences Ingolstadt (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 7(1), 2022, 218-266<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-6\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-01e29621d5b47cc7b fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_01e29621d5b47cc7b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"01e29621d5b47cc7b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-6\" data-target=\"#01e29621d5b47cc7b\" href=\"#01e29621d5b47cc7b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"01e29621d5b47cc7b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_01e29621d5b47cc7b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Usufruct can be an expedient \u2013 albeit complex \u2013 instrument for tax planning in German tax law. It enables the separation of ownership and right of use. This paper examines in which cases the right of usufruct is favorable for tax purposes and which alternatives are conceivable. It analyses the academic literature, jurisdiction and administrative provisions with regard to the assessment of usufruct for income and inheritance tax purposes. The usufruct over private real estate is a proven and largely legally secure instrument for structuring anticipated inheritance and shifting income. However, there is some legal uncertainty regarding the usufruct over capital assets, business shares and unincorporated firms. This paper provides a topical overview of the fiscal treatment of usufruct and derives adequate options for tax planning.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><p><em>Keywords: Nie\u00dfbrauch; Steuergestaltung; Vorbehaltsnie\u00dfbrauch; Zuwendungsnie\u00dfbrauch; Buchwertfortf\u00fchrung.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-8 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/BA_Reinwald.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/r-reinwald\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p><a name=\"A4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Cross-border Tax Group<\/h5>\n<p>Leonie Rinke, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 6(3), 2021, 568-589<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-7\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-7\" data-target=\"#0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe\" href=\"#0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0c9eebc1ac90dd9fe\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>The tax group for income tax purposes enables the income of a subsidiary to be attributed to the income of a parent company for corporate income tax and trade tax purposes. This makes it an important institution in German tax law, but in the cross-border case it harbors many ambiguities and problems. In this paper, therefore, the potential case constellations of a cross-border tax group are identified and examined for the possibility of forming a tax group. At the beginning, a brief description of the prerequisites and legal consequences of the tax group is given. Subsequently, a distinction is made between an inbound and an outbound situation as well as between a foreign domicile in an EU or EEA state and a foreign domicile in a non-member state. In particular, the problem areas in which the domestic application of law conflicts with EU case law are adressed. The results show that the ECJ case law has so far only been implemented by German courts to a limited extent. This leads to a legal situation which is to be classified as contrary to EU law, but which will probably only change through proceedings before the ECJ.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\"><p><em>Keywords: Organschaft; \u00a7 14 KStG; internationale Gruppenbesteuerung; Niederlassungsfreiheit.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-9 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/BA_Rinke.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/l-rinke\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\"><p><a name=\"A2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Corporate Taxation in the U.S. and Canada \u2013 A Comparative Analysis<\/h5>\n<p>Elif G\u00fcrlek, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 6(3), 2021, 489-506<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-8\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2 fusion-toggle-no-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-8\" data-target=\"#1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2\" href=\"#1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1ef13e18fd1ad4bf2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{\">As the degree of global trade integration increased, corporate taxation became a border-crossing matter that obliged governments to reassess the tax attractiveness of their jurisdictions. The U.S. and Canada are two major players of today\u2019s trade landscape and the corporate tax environment of these two countries impact MNEs investment decisions. Historically, Canada offered a more favourable tax environment compared to its neighbour. However, the U.S. tax reform, TCJA, challenged Canada\u2019s tax attractiveness. This paper aims to assess the similarities and differences of both countries\u2019 tax systems after the tax reform based on the tax attractiveness criteria. Following, the paper examines lessons that can be derived for Canada to regain its strong position in the global tax attractiveness scenery. The U.S. and Canada have the potential to set an example for lawmakers and show that it is possible to create a corporate taxation environment that preserves governments\u2019 interest whilst creating attractive taxation policies in the eye of MNEs. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-21\"><p><em>Keywords: <span data-sheets-value=\"\" data-sheets-userformat=\"\">Corporate taxation; United States; Canada; tax attractiveness; Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.<\/span><span data-sheets-value=\"{\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-10 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/BA_Guerlek.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-22\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/e-guerlek\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-23\"><p><a name=\"A8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Analysis of Global Tax Standards of the OECD on Digital Business Models<\/h5>\n<p>Christina Winder, University of Liechtenstein (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 6(1), 2021, 190-236<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-9\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b2570ee471d60a040 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b2570ee471d60a040\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b2570ee471d60a040\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-9\" data-target=\"#b2570ee471d60a040\" href=\"#b2570ee471d60a040\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b2570ee471d60a040\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b2570ee471d60a040\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>&#8220;With the emergence of new digital business models, the effectiveness of international tax law is increasingly disputed. The discussion whether tax law is still capable of taxing digital business models correctly and fairly is also being further ignited by US corporations. The OECD is working intensively on a global proposal to be able to tax digital corporations now in market states as well. The following research question &#8220;&#8221;Which challenges arise upon the taxation of digital business models and which global tax standards are proposed by the OECD in relation to the taxation of digital business models?&#8221;&#8221; is answered by this thesis.<br \/>\nThis bachelor thesis illustrates that the basic concepts of international tax law are no longer able to effectively tax digital business models. The OECD&#8217;s proposed solution revolutionizes international tax law and increasingly turns away from the concept of physical presence. The proposal will lead to a shift of taxation substrate towards market states. The OECD&#8217;s Unified Approach is capable of reducing and solving existing problems in the taxation of the digital economy.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-24\"><p><em>Keywords: Digitale Gesch\u00e4ftsmodelle; internationale Unternehmensbesteuerung; Unified Approach; globale Steuerstandards.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-11 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BA_Winder.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-25\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/c-winder\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-26\"><p><a name=\"A6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">The Impact of Taxation on Managerial Incentives and the Use of Bonus Banks<\/h5>\n<p>Daniel Dyck, Bielefeld University (Master thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 6(1), 2021, 100-148<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-10\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-216b7280ff6712734 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_216b7280ff6712734\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"216b7280ff6712734\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-10\" data-target=\"#216b7280ff6712734\" href=\"#216b7280ff6712734\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"216b7280ff6712734\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_216b7280ff6712734\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>This study examines how taxes and tax code features influence a firm owner\u00b4s use of a managerial incentive scheme known as bonus bank. Bonus banks have a unique property: part of the manager\u00b4s earned bonus in one period is withheld and subsequently paid out only in case future period\u00b4s firm goals are met. While prior literature on bonus banks either neglected taxes or took managerial incentives as given, I incorporate both aspects into a multi-period agency model with a risk neutral, limited liability agent. The model especially captures corporate income taxes, loss-offset restrictions as well as a manager\u00b4s flat, period-dependent income tax rate. The results are twofold: First, compared to fixed remuneration contracts, the use of bonus banks is adversely affected by all investigated taxes and tax code features, except for the loss-offset restrictions. Second, compared to periodical bonus remuneration, bonus banks possess an income smoothing characteristic, weakening the negative effect loss-offset restrictions and income tax progressivity have on a firm owner\u00b4s future value. Overall, the results complement the literature on the decision relevance of taxes when designing compensation contracts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-27\"><p><em>Keywords: Prinzipal-Agenten Theorie, Steuereffekte, Bonusbank, mehrperiodige Vertragsstruktur.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-12 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MA_Dyck.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-28\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/d-dyck\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-29\"><p><a name=\"A4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Withholding Tax on Digital Transactions \u2013 Status Quo and Potential Alternative Courses of Action<\/h5>\n<p>Markus Sebastian Gebhart, <span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style=\"font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Arial';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;\">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich<\/span>\u00a0(Master thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 5(4), 2020, 477-511<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-11\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-bed8f4dead9298a43 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_bed8f4dead9298a43\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bed8f4dead9298a43\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-11\" data-target=\"#bed8f4dead9298a43\" href=\"#bed8f4dead9298a43\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"bed8f4dead9298a43\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_bed8f4dead9298a43\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>The providers of digital advertising services are criticised for being omnipresent worldwide, but to pay no significant corporate tax in many countries. In addition to supranational efforts at the OECD and EU level to solve the taxation problems of digital business models, some literature argues that providers of foreign digital advertising services are already subject to limited tax liability in Germany on the basis of existing tax laws. This paper therefore deals with the question of how German taxation rights for digital advertising services which are provided domestically by foreign corporations with the help of the internet can be ensured. To this end, the paper first examines whether German tax laws are capable of taxing cross-border digital advertising services. Subsequently, it will examine whether the draft directives discussed at EU level on the taxation of digital business models would be suitable for ensuring taxation in Germany. The study shows that the existing German tax laws cannot ensure the taxation of digital advertising services in most cases and that the introduction of the EU draft directives in their current form cannot be recommended.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-30\"><p><em>Keywords: <span data-sheets-value=\"\" data-sheets-userformat=\"\">Digitale Werbeleistungen; Quellenbesteuerung; Rechte\u00fcberlassung; Digitalsteuer; signifikante digitale Pr\u00e4senz.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-13 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/MA_Gebhart.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-31\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/m-s-gebhart-2\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-32\"><p><a name=\"A6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Die aktuelle \u00c4nderung der umsatzsteuerrechtlichen Behandlung wirtschaftlicher T\u00e4tigkeiten von juristischen Personen des \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Felix Frauendorf, University of Siegen (Master thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 5(1), 2020, 118-147<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-12\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-91586cf211f9b6c7c fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_91586cf211f9b6c7c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"91586cf211f9b6c7c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-12\" data-target=\"#91586cf211f9b6c7c\" href=\"#91586cf211f9b6c7c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"91586cf211f9b6c7c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_91586cf211f9b6c7c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Der \u00a7 2b UStG setzt f\u00fcr die juristischen Personen des \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts die Mehrwertsteuer-Systemrichtlinie in deutsches Recht um und l\u00f6ste die alte systemwidrige Rechtslage des \u00a72 Abs. 3 UStGab. Die juristischen Personen des \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts m\u00fcssen daher bei jeder Leistung pr\u00fcfen, ob sich der Umfang ihrer Umsatzbesteuerung ge\u00e4ndert hat bzw. \u00e4ndern wird unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Wettbewerbsverzerrung. Die Arbeit untersucht daher, welche \u00c4nderung der \u00a7 2b UStG auf die umsatzsteuerliche Behandlung von wirtschaftlichen T\u00e4tigkeiten von juristischen Personen des \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts hat und wie sich diese auswirken. Die Arbeit stellt die Grundz\u00fcge der Umsatzbesteuerung, die Umsatzbesteuerung nach alter und nach neuer Rechtslage da. Abschlie\u00dfend wird der Umstellungsprozess zur neuen Rechtslage dargestellt. Als Ergebnis kann festgestellt werden, dass die unternehmerische Bet\u00e4tigung von juristischen Personen des \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts sich vergr\u00f6\u00dfern wird, da jede einzelne Leistung untersucht werden muss. Hierdurch kann es sowohl zu Fehleinsch\u00e4tzung bei der Leistungszuordnung kommen,was zu einer falschen Umsatzsteuerdeklaration f\u00fchrt. Auf der anderen Seite kann das Volumen des Vorsteuerabzuges sich erh\u00f6hen. Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob der \u00a7 2b UStG europarechtskonform ist.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-33\"><p><em>Keywords: Umsatzbesteuerung; juristische Person des \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts; \u00a7 2b UstG; Mehrwertsteuer-Systemrichtlinie; Umstellungskonzept.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-14 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/MA_Frauendorf-1.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-34\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.1;\"><p style=\"text-align: right; margin-top: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/f-frauendorf\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-35\"><p><a name=\"A6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Grunderwerbsteuerliche Konsequenzen der Umstrukturierung von Konzernen<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Daniel Martin Teichmann, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 4(4), 2019, 635-655<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-13\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-17d3648c0b75f2549 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_17d3648c0b75f2549\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"17d3648c0b75f2549\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-13\" data-target=\"#17d3648c0b75f2549\" href=\"#17d3648c0b75f2549\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"17d3648c0b75f2549\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_17d3648c0b75f2549\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">Die erfolgreiche Realisierung einer konzerninternen Umstrukturierung wird durch die GrESt gef\u00e4hrdet, sobald eine Grundst\u00fccks\u00fcbertragung oder ein share deal beabsichtigt wird. Der steuerlichen Belastung steht kein Mittelzufluss gegen\u00fcber, weshalb das Vorhaben an der Leistungsf\u00e4higkeit scheitern kann. In Anbetracht dessen untersucht diese Arbeit, ob eine grunderwerbsteuerliche Optimierung m\u00f6glich ist. Im Fokus stehen inl\u00e4ndische Kapitalgesellschaftskonzerne und Restrukturierungen, die den Eigentums\u00fcbergang an Grundst\u00fccken sowie Anteilen von grundbesitzenden Gesellschaften vorsehen. Zu Beginn erfolgt eine Systematisierung relevanter Erwerbs-\/Umwandlungsvorg\u00e4nge, an die sich eine Analyse ihrer grunderwerbsteuerlichen Konsequenzen anschlie\u00dft. Die Erkenntnisse m\u00fcnden in einen detaillierten Ma\u00dfnahmenvergleich. Als Ergebnis steht der Appell eine Ausl\u00f6sung von GrESt zu vermeiden. Verhindern die Restrukturierungsziele eine Umgehung, besteht Optimierungsbedarf. Hierf\u00fcr eignet sich ein share deal, da ein kluges Beteiligungsmanagement bereits die Steuerbegr\u00fcndung ausschlie\u00dft (\u00a7 1 III GrEStG). Weniger Gestaltungspotenzial er\u00f6ffnet die Bemessungsgrundlage, da sie h\u00e4ufig dem starren Grundbesitzwert entspricht (\u00a7 8 II GrEStG). Attraktiver erscheint \u00a7 6a GrEStG, der konzerninterne Umstrukturierungen steuerfrei stellt. Eine effektive Aussch\u00f6pfung erfordert jedoch die planungsintensive Beachtung des diffizilen Tatbestandes (95% Beteiligung, Vor-\/Nachbehaltensfrist) und komplexer L\u00e4ndererlasse.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-36\"><p><em>Keywords: Grunderwerbsteuer; Kapitalgesellschaft; Konzern; share deal; Umstrukturierung.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-15 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/BA_Teichmann-1.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-37\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/daniel-martin-teichmann\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-38\"><p><a name=\"A4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Personal Taxes and Corporate Investment<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Herold, WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim School of Management (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 4(1), 2019, 81-100<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-14\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0e39d1cd455c31000 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0e39d1cd455c31000\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0e39d1cd455c31000\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-14\" data-target=\"#0e39d1cd455c31000\" href=\"#0e39d1cd455c31000\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0e39d1cd455c31000\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0e39d1cd455c31000\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">In this thesis, I present empirical evidence on the effect of personal taxes on firm-level investment. Exploiting a cross-country panel that consists of 40,608 firms from a total of 115 countries in the period 1999-2013, I employ a linear regression model in which I regress five different definitions of the personal tax wedge against capital investment of firms. I find that the average investment response of firms strongly depends on the definition of the personal tax wedge. My baseline regression<br \/>\nreveals that, if the pure personal tax rate increases, firms on average show a positive capital investment response. That is, if firms cannot shift the economic burden of personal taxes to other stakeholders, an increase in personal taxes, ceteris paribus, increases the factor price of labour and thus exerts higher pressure on corporate profits. Profit-maximising firms therefore counteract this pressure by (partially) substituting the more expensive input factor labour by capital, increasing their capital investment. This effect, however, does not hold true for alternative definitions of the personal tax wedge that additionally include social security contributions. Likewise, I obtain mixed results when testing for cross-sectional variation in capital investment responses arising from differences in relative market power, the ability to substitute input factors, and financial constraints. In this context, my thesis provides empirical evidence on the effect of personal taxes on investment behaviour at the firm level and thus adds to current literature, which mainly considers the effect of personal taxes on aggregate investment, economic growth, and total factor productivity.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-39\"><p><em>Keywords: investment; personal tax; tax wedge.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-16 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/BA_F_Herold.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-40\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/f-herold\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-41\"><p><a name=\"A3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The Tax System and Corporate Payout Policies<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Nicholas Herold, WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim School of Management (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 4(1), 2019, 63-80<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-15\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-73fcbafde85edbb6b fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_73fcbafde85edbb6b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"73fcbafde85edbb6b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-15\" data-target=\"#73fcbafde85edbb6b\" href=\"#73fcbafde85edbb6b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"73fcbafde85edbb6b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_73fcbafde85edbb6b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">In this thesis, I examine how corporate taxes, dividend taxes, personal income taxes, and consumption taxes affect corporate<br \/>\npayout behaviour. Using rich international panel data that consist of 40,609 firms across 115 countries from 1999 to 2013,<br \/>\nI run linear regressions of each of the four tax rates on three payout variables which measure frequency and magnitude of<br \/>\nregular cash dividends distributed by firms. In my baseline model, I find that the predictions of the new view \u2013 one of the<br \/>\ntwo views in neoclassical theory \u2013 on short-run payout responses only partially hold true. Inconsistent with initial hypotheses, corporate taxes on average do not impact a firm\u2019s dividend payout behaviour in the short run. Regarding dividend taxes, my results show that the hypothesised dividend tax neutrality only holds true for the relative amount of dividends but not for a firm\u2019s likelihood to distribute, increase, and initiate dividends. Consistent with initial hypotheses, personal income taxes and consumption taxes trigger mostly large payout responses in terms of frequency and magnitude of dividend payouts. In my two model extensions, in which I focus on payout behaviour of cash-rich firms and employ a more flexible definition of the time horizon characterising short-run payout, my findings are again only partially in line with predictions of the new view on short-run payout responses. With these results, this thesis not only analyses well-investigated tax rates \u2013 corporate taxes and dividend taxes \u2013 for which current literature shows mixed empirical evidence but also examines hitherto scarcely considered tax rates \u2013 personal income taxes and consumption taxes \u2013 in the neoclassical framework and determines their impact on corporate payout.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-42\"><p><em>Keywords: corporate payout; corporate tax; dividend tax; personal income tax; consumption tax.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-17 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/BA_N_Herold.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-43\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/n-herold\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-44\"><p><a name=\"A3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Besteuerung unternehmensverbundener Stiftungen<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Iris Krampe, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences Gelsenkirchen (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 3(3), 2018, 55-73<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-16\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b9e5fdeac516aca89 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b9e5fdeac516aca89\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b9e5fdeac516aca89\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-16\" data-target=\"#b9e5fdeac516aca89\" href=\"#b9e5fdeac516aca89\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b9e5fdeac516aca89\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b9e5fdeac516aca89\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">4,3 Mrd. Euro j\u00e4hrliche Stiftungsausgaben f\u00fcr Satzungszwecke. Das entspricht der H\u00f6he des Risikokapitals, das 2017 in Start-Ups in Deutschland investiert wurde.\u201c, tituliert der Bundesverband deutscher Stiftungen. Das zeigt die eindrucksvolle Dimension der Stiftungslandschaft in Deutschland. Die Motivation zur Gr\u00fcndung einer Stiftung kann vielf\u00e4ltige Facetten haben. Meist ist nicht eine einzelne Zielsetzung ausschlaggebend eine Stiftung ins Leben zu rufen. Unternehmensverbundene Stiftungen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass ein (enger) Bezug zu einem Unternehmen besteht. So haben einige Unternehmer durch eine Stiftung die M\u00f6glichkeit geschaffen, ihr Lebenswerk auf Dauer zu erhalten. Zu den wohl bekanntesten unternehmensverbundenen Stiftungen z\u00e4hlen beispielsweise die Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung, die Fritz Thyssen Stiftung oder die Robert Bosch Stiftung. Bei Gr\u00fcndung einer rechtsf\u00e4higen Stiftung ergeben sich f\u00fcr den Stifter Gestaltungsspielr\u00e4ume beim Stiftungszweck, Stiftungsverm\u00f6gen und bei der Stiftungsorganisation. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit liegt in der Analyse der Besteuerung der Stiftungen. Es wird dargelegt, inwiefern die Stiftung bei Errichtung, w\u00e4hrend des Bestehens und bei Aufl\u00f6sung besteuert wird. Zudem liegt der Fokus dieser Arbeit auf den m\u00f6glichen Steuerbeg\u00fcnstigungen und den notwendigen Voraussetzungen hierf\u00fcr, da 95 % aller Stiftungen gemeinn\u00fctzige Zwecke verfolgen. Zuletzt kommt als besondere Gestaltungsform f\u00fcr Unternehmer die Kombination einer privatn\u00fctzigen Familienstiftung mit einer gemeinn\u00fctzigen Stiftung zur sogenannten Doppelstiftung in Betracht.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-45\"><p><em>Keywords: Unternehmensstiftung, Unternehmensnachfolge, Gemeinn\u00fctzigkeit,<br \/>\nSteuerbeg\u00fcnstigungen<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-18 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/BA_Krampe.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-46\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/i-krampe\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 20px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-47\"><p><a name=\"A3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Effects of fiscal R&amp;D incentives on R&amp;D expenditure<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Anna Theresa B\u00fchrle, University of Mannheim (Master thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 3(2), 2018, 57-79<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-17\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-cec841f2d4a63d502 fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_cec841f2d4a63d502\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cec841f2d4a63d502\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-17\" data-target=\"#cec841f2d4a63d502\" href=\"#cec841f2d4a63d502\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"cec841f2d4a63d502\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_cec841f2d4a63d502\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Special tax incentives aiming to foster research and development (R&amp;D) investment are widely spread among the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED). I investigate the effect such tax incentives have on business R&amp;D investment. Fiscal R&amp;D incentives can be categorized as input-oriented tax incentives such as tax credits, super deductions and accelerated depreciation, and as output-oriented incentives such as patent box regimes. In the first part of my thesis I provide an overview over the methodology of the B-Index, a measure for the generosity of input-oriented tax incentives. Calculations of the B-Index for 33 OECD-countries and China from 1991 to 2014 show an overall trend towards an increase in the generosity of input-oriented fiscal R&amp;D incentives. In the second part of my thesis, I create a panel with country-level data on business R&amp;D investment provided by the OECD. I test reactions to changes in R&amp;D tax incentives and find a positive effect of input-oriented R&amp;D tax incentives, but no significant impact of output-oriented R&amp;D tax incentives. A more detailed analysis on the industry-level shows that the results are driven by effects on business R&amp;D investment in the manufacturing and services sector.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-48\"><p><em>Keywords: R&amp;D, tax incentives, B-Index, taxation, OECD<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-19 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/MA_Buehrle.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-49\"><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 5px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/a-buehrle\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 15px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-50\"><p><a name=\"A2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Measuring Corporate Tax Avoidance \u2013 An Analysis of Different Measures<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Markus Sebastian Gebhart, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Bachelor thesis)<br \/>\nJunior Management Science 2(2), 2017, 43-60<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-34083-18\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-94c4314e0083413da fusion-toggle-no-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_94c4314e0083413da\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"94c4314e0083413da\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-34083-18\" data-target=\"#94c4314e0083413da\" href=\"#94c4314e0083413da\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Read abstract<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"94c4314e0083413da\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_94c4314e0083413da\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">This study (1) gives an overview of and analyzes the different existing measures of tax avoidance in the empirical tax research literature and (2) aims at answering the question of how closely related they are in measuring corporate tax avoidance. Starting with a theoretical comparison of different Effective Tax Rate based measures, Book-Tax-Differences based measures, the measure developed by \\citet, Tax Shelter Scores, and Unrecognized Tax Benefits an empirical comparison of the first three mentioned measures is conducted. The purely descriptive analysis reveals that although there are differences between the single measures and those differences persist over time, especially annual proxies exhibit considerable correlation, which increases with similarity in computation and inputs used. A comparison of annual with long-run measures implies that the reliability of annual measures in depicting long-run tax avoidance is not sufficiently high.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-51\"><p><em>Keywords:\u00a0tax avoidance, tax sheltering, Effective Tax Rate, Book-Tax-Difference<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-20 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/BA_Gebhart.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read article<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-52\"><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 5px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/m-s-gebhart\/\">Go to article page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"width: 2px; height: 15px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4889,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34083","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P7lBbr-8RJ","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4889"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34083"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63469,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34083\/revisions\/63469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}