{"id":46159,"date":"2022-09-29T08:40:31","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T08:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/m-wall-3\/"},"modified":"2022-10-17T14:39:20","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T14:39:20","slug":"m-ludwigs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/m-ludwigs\/","title":{"rendered":"M. Ludwigs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:16px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#000000;--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#447c4d;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:300;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto Slab&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-46159-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b4fb24abab4bd1824 fusion-toggle-no-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#333333;--awb-content-color:#333333;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b4fb24abab4bd1824\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b4fb24abab4bd1824\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-46159-1\" data-target=\"#b4fb24abab4bd1824\" href=\"#b4fb24abab4bd1824\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">All published articles sorted by issues<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b4fb24abab4bd1824\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b4fb24abab4bd1824\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<!--li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i4-3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2026<\/a><\/li-->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v10i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v9i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v8i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i5\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 5, December 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 4, September 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 3, July 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v7i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v6i1-2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v5i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v4i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i4\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v3i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v2i3\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 2, Issue 3, December 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v2i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 2, Issue 2, September 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v2i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v1i2\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/v1i1\/\">Junior Management Science, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2016<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:#000000;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.38;\"><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p data-fontsize=\"18\" data-lineheight=\"24\">Junior Management Science, Volume 7, Issue 4, September 2022, 1147-1163<\/p>\n<h4 data-fontsize=\"18\" data-lineheight=\"24\">Balancing player values in German professional football \u2013 A critical analysis of German GAAP<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Malte Ludwigs, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf<\/strong><strong> (Bachelor Thesis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:10px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Rising transfer fees in professional football are causing an increasing influence of player transfers on the balance sheet of the clubs. However, proper accounting and valuation of player assets entails some ambiguities and problems in the context of accounting. The aim of the present work is to illustrate the accounting treatment of a player transfer in accordance with the provisions of the German Commercial Code. Furthermore, it is considered to what extent the accounting practice in football fulfils the basic purposes of accounting. At the beginning there is a presentation of the legal framework of player transfers. Subsequently, the rules for the recognition and measurement of player assets are explained in more detail in order to finally show which problems arise from the current accounting practice. The results show that clubs have to take into account additional football-specific items in addition to the general regulations of the German Commercial Code (HGB). This leads to a comprehensive regulatory construct that nevertheless leaves the clubs room for manoeuver in terms of balance sheet policy. The balance sheet item player assets therefore has only a limited significance with regard to the actual economic circumstances in the club.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><em>Keywords: Accounting; Football; Player values; Player transfers.<span data-sheets-value=\"{\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><em>DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v7i4pp1147-1163\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v7i4pp1147-1163<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div style=\"width: 350px; height: 24px; \">\r\n\r\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BA_Ludwigs.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read Paper<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/jums.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/A_Ludwigs.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Read Appendix<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-alignright\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#96c346;--button_gradient_top_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#447c4d;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#96c346;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#96c346;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5282\/jums\/v7i4pp1147-1163\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Quote<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div style=\"width: 350px; height: 120px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4889,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P7lBbr-c0v","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4889"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46159"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47576,"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46159\/revisions\/47576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jums.academy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}